Reading Food Labels

Interpreting labels is more complicated than it should be, because the information provided is often vague. For example, a label might give the following information:

•Crude protein 8%
•Crude fat 6%
•Fiber 1%
•Moisture 78%

This typical or "guaranteed analysis" gives the protein, fat, fiber, and moisture in percentages. Because moisture content is so variable, it is impossible to compare these percentages directly with those of other cat foods.

To do so you must convert the percentages into a dry-matter basis, in which all moisture is removed (see Formula to calculate nutrition, right). Converting information to a dry-matter basis allows you to compare different foods.

This is important if you want to compare levels or sources of energy:  cats need at least 26 per cent protein on a dry-matter basis, and the quality of the protein becomes important in older cats.

Calorie (kcal) content is rarely on a label. As ingredients list shows the constituents in descending order of weight, and very specific wording is used for this listing.

“Meat” means muscle; “meat “buproducts” or meat “darivatives” mean viscera, bone, and marrow, unappetizing to us, but all natural components of a cat's diet.

"Meat meal" means dry products that have been rendered from animal tissues. Feeding guidelines on packaging suggest the quantity to feed each day. These guidelines are often generous, being based on the needs of an active, young cat.

If your cat does not fit this profile, especially if it is an indoor cat, talk to your veterinarian about energy requirements.